Nature Vs. Nurture Nurture - 901 Words

As a child, I loved lying on the living room floor, crayons in hand, creating a masterpiece for my mother to camouflage our refrigerator. Throughout my childhood and adolescent years, I was fortunate enough to realize my creative potential. I often think about what exactly attributed to my creative ability. For a long time the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inherited genetic characteristics and predispositions that influence development. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. For instance, almost all children are born with the capacity to learn to walk, develop a language, imitate others, use simple tools, and deduce how other people view the world; therefore, all children have a set of universal genetics that, when coupled with a reasonable environment, allow them to develop as functioning human beings. I am a firm believer that our genetic makeup has a tremendous amount to do with our skills and abilities. I, personally, feel my creativity can be attributed to the long line of writers, artists, andShow MoreRelatedNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or i t could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial. This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, whileRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesNature versus Nurture You got your dark brown hair from your father and you got your looks from your mother, but where did you get your excitement for sports and your love for all animals? A person’s physical characteristics lean more towards genes and heredity, but our genes are not mentioned as much when behavior is the topic. This is how the nature versus nurture debate first began. Scientists who believe in the nature theory believe that people behave the way they do due to heredity and genesRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture882 Words   |  4 Pagestheir parents. Meaning they think Nature is a big part in their life and why they are who they are. The genes in each cell in us humans determine the different traits that we have, more dominantly on the physical connections like eye color, hair color, ear size, height, and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like personality, intelligence, sexual orientation, likes and dislikes are gen e-coded in our DNA. The nurture theory has experiments showing a child’s

Analysis Of Where The Sidewalk Ends A Poem Analysis

Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Shel Silverstein â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† A poem analysis Have you ever been scared to cross the street when you were a child? Have you ever sat and stared at the paint that is on the road and wondered if that is what is keeping you safe? Shel Silverstein’s poem, â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† a three stanza poem, and is in the view of a child. It is very descriptive about what the child is seeing also. I believe that Silverstein was trying to get kids to understand that the lines of the street are to protect them, and that he loved kids, because he wrote so much poetry and so many books for children. In the first stanza of â€Å" Where the sidewalk ends,† Silverstein is explaining the scene, with nice descriptive words, â€Å"There is a place where the sidewalk ends / and before the street begins, / and there the grass grows soft and white, / and there the sun burns crimson bright, / and there the moon-bird rests from his flight / to cool in the peppermint windâ₠¬  (1-6). The word choice and descriptive language definitely brought me back to a time when I was younger. Silverstein obviously didn’t follow any set rules, he made it his very own. The place I think he might be talking about is the borderline between night and day, or sun and the moon. It’s the middle of two things that are opposites. The second stanza mostly focuses on explaining that if you follow the guidelines then you will not be harmed. For example, â€Å"Past the pits where the asphaltShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis : Where The Sidewalk Ends 1025 Words   |  5 PagesChildren s Literature 14 September 2015 Poem Explication: Shel Silverstien on â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† Sheldon (Shel) Silverstien was an American poet, children s book author, cartoonist, and so much more. His books alone have sold over 20 million copies as of September 10th 2015. â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† (published in 1974 as a children s poetry collection) is the book I have chosen to analyze some his works. I chose the actual poem â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† from this collection. I will be analyzingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Where The Sidewalk Ends 1273 Words   |  6 Pages Shel Silverstein is a notable writer, made famous for his poems that were geared towards children. One of his most famous poems, â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† shares the title with what may be his most well-known book. This poem is a very meticulously worded work, and although it may be published in a children’s book, it can be understood and very meaningful to older generations. This piece has a depth and wisdom that may be well beyond the comprehension of young minds, and it can be interpretedRead MoreWhere The Sidewalk Ends Analysis Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 20, 2015 Where does the Sidewalk End? An Analysis of Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein People are drawn to poetry because it uses words to express emotions that most people can only feel. The greatest poems tell stories that readers wish to be true. They open doors to worlds of which readers desire to be a part. Most North-American homes are blessed with one of Shel Silversteins award winning poetry books. His poem Where the Sidewalk Ends is arguably the best poem of all time. InRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us1348 Words   |  6 PagesNature The poems â€Å"The World is too much with us† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"A Happening† by Denise Levertov address the conflict between nature and society. Wordsworth’s poem addresses how society is becoming less because of unlimited desires. Levertov reflects Wordsworth’s values, but using unique images to present this idea. Although these poems approach the same theme, literary language and literary devices make them distinct. Literary devices can strengthen the message in a poem. For exampleRead MoreCoercion by Douglas Rushkoff7762 Words   |  32 PagesThe way coercion is really effective is by making it hide so well that the people who sell us things, like the happy, cheerful youths at GAP, do not themselves know that they are coercing. This can be achieved by having ambiguous goals in acrostic poems spelling out the companys name. Another way is mind-washing the employees by training courses. These techniques to hide coercion are so well hidden that people actually blame themselves if a store earns less than expected profits or if it goes outRead MoreRomanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 PagesGeneration† (33). This same â€Å"flaming hero† was found in other facets of American culture, more specifically in American cinema, with the likes of Marlon Brando and James Dean. However, even Moriarty’s flame wo uld flicker at the conclusion of the novel where he is depicted as a gaunt figure in â€Å"a motheaten overcoat† (306) without a car, walking alone in the frigid New York night. The next subject is the west, the American symbol of autonomy and freedom. The west and its wild, unbridled spirit have beenRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pagestold all her visitor her father was not dead. 9. Who began to date Miss Emily in Part III, and why was he in town? Miss Emily began dating Homer Barron in part III; he was a foreman who came to take care to the contract for the paving of the sidewalks. 10. What did the townspeople think of Miss Emily and her new boyfriend? The Townspeople thought that the relationship with Miss Emily and her new boyfriend was immoral. 11. What does Miss Emily do to make the townspeople think thatRead MoreEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 Pagesplease visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−razors−edge/ Copyright Information  ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, CompareRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some TheoreticalRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pages The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative, the method of analysis and synthesis. But we consider that the study of euphemisms is impossible without using contextual-logical analysis. CHAPTER I. THE NOTION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH I.1. Definition of Euphemisms Euphemisms come from a Greek word meaning to speak favourably, and Greek provides what

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(43) " and does non expose patient to radiation\." This instance survey is about an 80 old ages old male with symptomless abdominal aortal aneurism who presented to his GP with other symptoms unrelated to abdominal aortal aneurism. The writer will analyze the diagnosing of his aneurism, the mode used, the intervention and direction. Diagnosis and intervention tracts shall be followed ; analysis and comparing to other tracts shall be done to see which is the most effectual and accurate in the diagnosing and intervention of abdominal aortal aneurism. We will write a custom essay sample on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Patient confidential information shall be maintained throughout this essay, therefore in line with the codification of professional behavior, Nursing and Midwifery Council ( 2008 ) . Case study 80 old ages old, Mr X, of height 5 pess 8 tall who weighted 50 kilograms presented to his GP on the 6th of February 2010 with 6 yearss history of irregularity. During physical scrutiny a throbing mass was noted in his venters. The patient had no symptoms related to aneurysm, such us back or abdominal hurting. The GP discovered during conversation with Mr X that his brother died from rupture AAA a twelvemonth ago. Mr X smokes 3 battalions of coffin nails daily. His past medical records showed that, he had chronic clogging pneumonic disease, high blood pressure, ischemic bosom disease which he had a beltway surgery 15 old ages ago. He besides had an MI 2 old ages ago holding had transdermal conary intercession ( PCI ) to circumflex and right coronary arterias. The GP suspected that Mr X had an AAA and referred him for ultrasound scan to govern out the size of AAA. The ultrasound scan was conducted two hebdomads after seeing the GP. The scan revealed an aortal aneurism below the degree of the nephritic arterias mensurating 5.99 cm A-P diameter. Mr X was referred to a vascular sawbones who recommended a CT scan to look into the extent and anatomical construction of the aneurism to see Mr X ‘s suitableness for endovascular repai Computer Tomography Angiogram aorta was performed a hebdomad after the ultrasound scans. CT angiogram with contrast showed a big infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurism which measures maximally 6 centimeter in diameter. It besides demonstrated good infra-renal cervix. Ultrasound of the venters showing an infrarenal aortal aneurism steps 5.99 centimeter. ( Local NHS Trust 2010 ) Axial CTA with contrast of the venters demoing infrarenal aortal aneurism mensurating 6 centimeter ( pointers ) with partial calcified integral wall ( Local NHS Trust 2009 ) The sawbones so referred Mr X for an elected vascular surgery because his aneurism was big and carried a high hazard of rupture and decease. One hebdomad before his surgery, Mr X had a chest X ray, blood trial and EKG which were all normal. On the twenty-four hours of admittance, his pulsation was 68BP/min and regular with a blood force per unit area of 140/80 mmHg. The below tabular array shows pre-assessment blood probes done. Blood Test Mr X ‘s consequence Normal Laboratory Test Values Entire white blood cell count 6.56 M/mcL 3.8 M/mcL to 5.6 M/mcL hemoglobin 14 g/dL 11 g/dL to 18 g/dL Platelet count 160 150-400 Red blood cell count 5 M/mcL 3.8 M/mcL to 5.6 M/mcL Bureau of intelligence and research 1.1 0.9-1.2 Blood urea N 6.86 mg/dL 6 mg/dL to 23 mg/dL Creatinine 98 mg/dL 0.6 mg/dL to 15 ng/dL ( Tinkham 2009 ) Preoperative appraisal was done to give Mr X ‘s sawbones a image of his overall wellness position. A complete blood count was performed to look into for the presence of infection, ensured an equal ruddy blood cell volume and regulation out serious haematological abnormalcy. Electrocardiography ( ECG ) was performed to measure cardiac arrhythmias and diagnose cardiac upsets such as myocardial infarction. Chest X ray was done to measure the presence of infection, bosom failure, emphysema and other status that may act upon surgical result. Creatinine and urea were performed to place job with nephritic clearance preoperatively.INR trial was done to guarantee coagulating ability before surgery. The International Normalized Ratio ( INR ) was done to guarantee blood coagulating ability before surgery On the 30/ 4/2010, Mr X underwent an endovascular aortal fix and was transferred to intensive attention unit while proctor his status for 3 yearss. He was discharged and had a wholly recovery after a month. Mr X had a follow up postoperative ultrasound and field movie x beam of venters. X beam and ultrasound was conducted at 1and 6 months to look into the place of the stent transplant and endoleaks. However, the scan and ten beam showed no grounds of any complication. Plain skiagraphy of venters at 1 month the unity and migration of Zenith stent transplant Raad ( 2010 ) Discussion AAA is a comparatively common and potentially dangerous status associated with old age. The bulk of abdominal aortal aneurisms do non do any symptoms and hence diagnostic is frequently missed. In many instances, the exact cause of aneurism is still ill-defined. However, harmonizing to Baker ( 2009 ) , the primary cause of aortal aneurism is atherosclerosis and other factors for case, male over 65 old ages, smoke, a positive household history, COPD and high blood pressure contribute to the hazard. An probe of Mr X ‘s AAA was done during a physical scrutiny of the venters which was conducted for other grounds. Approximately 75 % of abdominal aortal aneurisms are symptomless and are found by the way during abdominal physical scrutiny or radiographic probes ordered for other conditions, ( Anderson et al 2001 ) . Aneurysm tactual exploration on physical scrutiny has merely been shown to be sensitive in thin patients and those with abdominal aortal aneurism A ; gt ; 5 centimeter with an overall sensitiveness and specificity of 68 % and 75 % , severally for sensing of AAA, ( Fink et al 2000 ) . The primary mode used to corroborate Mr X ‘s aneurysm size was made by ultrasound. Ultrasound is a standard image mode for an probe of suspected symptomless and surveillance of abdominal aortal aneurism. Ultrasound is safe, non-invasive, comparatively cheap, widely available and does non expose patient to radiation. You read "Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" It is the best option for observing and mensurating the size of aneurism. However, harmonizing to Sparks et Al ( 2002 ) ultrasound can non accurately specify the extent of the aneurism as it can be altered by intestine gasses, and hence is unequal for preoperative planning of endovascular fix. Computerized Tomography Angiogram ( CTA ) of the venters was the 2nd mode to be used to look into the extent of Mr X ‘s abdominal aortal aneurism and the aneurysmal cervix for preoperative planning. CTA is going the diagnostic imagination mode of pick in the preoperative appraisal of patients with an abdominal aortal aneurism. However it has some disadvantages for case, it uses high doses of radiation, cost effectual and requires endovenous contrast but it is faster and extremely accurate in finding the size and extent of the aneurism, and its relation to the nephritic arterias. ( Hafez 2009 ) . The other mode that could hold been used for preoperative planning for Mr X ‘s abdominal aortal aneurism is magnetic resonance angiogram ( MRA ) . Harmonizing to Aburahma ( 2007 ) , MRA is merely used for surgical planning fix when CTA contradicts with patients with contrast allergic and nephritic failure. However, both computerized imaging and magnetic resonance imagination are effectual for preoperative planning fix. CTA and MRA imaging provide high-resolution imagination of the aorta and find proximal and distal boundaries of the aneurism, says ( Upchurch 2009 ) . MRI scan is comparatively clip devouring, really expensive and may be distorted by gesture artifact, extended calcified plaque and metallic surgical stents Upchurch ( 2009 ) . Hence, MRA is non used for preoperative appraisal of endovascular fix. Mr X ‘s preoperative mode was good as he did non hold any contraindication such as contrast allergic reaction or nephritic failure for him to undergo a magnetic resonance angiogram scan. With magnetic Resonance Angiogram, endovenous dye is non required and it does non expose the patient to radiation as compared to Computer Tomography Angiogram, ( Truijers 2009 ) The primary end of intervention depends on the size of the aneurism, the possibility of rupture and the patient ‘s status. The purpose of surgical intervention is to forestall aneurism from rupture for patients with symptoms such as back hurting, or symptomless aneurism greater than 5.5 centimeter in diameter, ( Hakaim 2006 ) . When sing intervention of abdominal aortal aneurism there are two types of fix ; unfastened fix and endovascular aneurism fix. Endovascular aortal fix ( EVAR ) was recommended as the most appropriate intervention for Mr X taking into history short and long term hazards and the benefits of both processs in relation to his age and co-morbidity every bit good as anatomical suitableness. This Endovascular aortal fix is a safe process and can be efficaciously performed in a patient with the suited anatomy for illustration, a individual with infrarenal aortal diameter no larger than 26 millimeters and aortal cervix length at least 15-20mm without inordinate angulations, ( Hallett 2009 ) . However, in such patients with a suited anatomy and surgical expertness, increasing the usage of endovascular aortal fix is likely justified based on its better preoperative result informations ( Hallett 2009 ) . EVAR relies to a great extent on nomadic C-arm image intensive. This enables the sawbones to utilize x-ray images to visualize the interpolation of stent transplant through the femoral arteria up to the site of the aneurism while being imaged. However, this it exposes patient to radiation during the process and in subsequent follow up EVAR is a less invasive process with a potentially reduced morbidity, mortality of 1.6 % , intensive attention, entire infirmary stay and a rapid recovery clip comparison to open fix with morality of 4.6 % , ( Tinkham 2009 ) . In the prospective randomized controlled tests, EVAR has been shown to hold a signifi ­cantly better preoperative result, ( Tinkham 2009 ) . In contrast to EVAR, unfastened fix requires a surgical exposure of the aorta clamping. Open fix was non recommended for Mr X because of hapless province of wellness due to his medical co-morbidities which limit his day-to-day activities. Harmonizing to Anderson ( 2009 ) , unfastened fix is non suited for patients with co-morbidity including terrible chronic clogging pneumonic disease or myocardial misdemeanor which places at high hazard. EVAR carries a higher hazard of complications which would necessitate farther surgery to rectify. This requires postoperative long-run follow-up imagination as the long term lastingness of the stent transplant remains unsure, ( Liaw et al 2009 ) . Mr X underwent a postoperative follow up obviously abdominal x beam and ultrasound at 1 month to look into the stent transplant unity and migration. Plain skiagraphy is easy to obtain and widely available. It still plays a utile function in measuring the metallic unity of the stent transplant but the truth of endoleaks is limited. However, the field movie can be used in concurrence with ultrasound as a method of follow up, ( Mattes et al 2011 ; Ginter et al 2009 ) . Duplex ultrasound imaging is non-invasive compared to CT. Studies show that duplex ultrasound had a sensitiveness of 90 % while CT had of 58 % in sensings of endoleaks, ( Badri et al 2010 ) Contrast-enhanced CT is another imaging mode that could hold been used for Mr X ‘s postoperative endovascular aortal fix. This image mode is expensive, less accurate in sensing of little endoleaks and it exposes patients to radiation and is. However, the major concern sing the frequent usage of contrast-enhance CT including additions cost and cumulative radiation doses which leads to lifetime malignant neoplastic disease hazard to patients have shift toward color semidetached house ultrasound, ( Mattes et al 2011 ) . MRA is alternate mode could hold been used for postoperative rating of Mr X ‘s stent transplant fix. Mr X can non undergo MRA as his aneurism was treated with Zenith stent transplant which may be distorted by gesture artifact in the magnetic field. Harmonizing to Liaw et Al ( 2009 ) , MRA is every bit accurate as CTA for sensing of endoleaks but is really expensive and can non be usage to image ferromagnetic stent transplants such as Zenith. Hence, MRA is non utile for postoperative rating of patients with stent transplants Decision I think the tract taken to name Mr X ‘s abdominal aortal aneurism was right and besides the most current pattern taken in many infirmaries. Endovascular aortal fix is a less invasive process with a potentially decreased morbidity and mortality. Endovascular aortal fix has been widely performed and it is an effectual option to open fix, peculiarly for patients with medical comorbidities. However, the mandatary follow up after is a disadvantage of this technique. Despite the disadvantages, CT remains the most widely used mode in preoperative planning for abdominal aortal aneurism and postoperative surveillance after endovascular aortal fix. In contrast to computing machine imaging, ultrasound is the simplest, cheapest, mode used for suspected and surveillance of AAA. It is a standard mode used in concurrence with field movie in some infirmaries for follow up after endovascular aortal fix. Overall, imaging provides an spread outing aggregation of tools, leting progressively accurate probe of AAAs and patient choice for endovascular aortal fix. Surgeons and radiotherapists in this field should be cognizant of the technological betterments in each imagination mode, to do the right picks before, during and after endovascular aortal fix How to cite Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Global Warming1 Essay Example For Students

Global Warming1 Essay Now, for the first time in Earths history, humans may be a decisive factor in future climate change. The actions we make towards the temperature of the earth and the depletion of the ozone layer are irreversible. A warmer future could result from present-day human activities releasing large amounts of heat-trapping gases into the air. These greenhouse gases are part of the reason for the 1F (.5C) rise in global average temperature documented over the past 100 years. If the Earths temperature continues to rise as predicted, future global warming could happen faster than any climate change of the last 10,000 years. If so, future variations in local climate could be even more disruptive than those of the past. Fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide when burned, are used to generate electricity; heat and light homes and workplaces; power factories and run cars. Unless we reduce population growth and use of fossil fuels, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by som etime in the middle of the next century. The future of Earths climate may depend partly on the buildup of heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, in the atmosphere. Industrialized nations now release the most carbon dioxide. But how can this world wide disaster be stopped? To fully understand the magnitude of this problem, we must look at the causes of global warming, what is being done to stop the problem, consequences of this issue, and how we can prevent it. The depletion of the ozone layer and global warming are a result of the heat trapping abilities of greenhouse gases. The glass panels of a greenhouse and the Earths atmosphere are both transparent to sunlight, and both trap heat. Energy from the sun drives the earths weather and climate, and heats the earths surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Thus creating the greenhouse effect. At present, the Earth appears to be facing a rapid warming, which most scientists believe results, at least in part, from human activities. The chief cause of this warming is thought to be the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which releases into the atmosphere carbon dioxide and other substances known as greenhouse gases. As the atmosphere becomes richer in these gases, it becomes a better insulator, retaining more of the heat provi ded to the planet by the Sun. Through years of abuse and neglect, the situation continues to worsen. Some may feel that Global warming is inevitable, and that the climate will change no matter what. This is partly true. Climate does change all the time, but it changes slowly. We are doing it at enormous speeds, 60 times faster than normal. All life on Earth relies on the greenhouse effect, without it, the planet would be colder by about 33-Celsius degrees, and ice would cover Earth from pole to pole. However, a growing excess of greenhouse gases in Earths atmosphere threatens to head in the other direction, toward continual warming. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas followed by methane and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide flows into the atmosphere from many natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions; the respiration of animals, which breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide; and the burning or decay of organic matter, such as plants. Humans escalate the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere when they burn fossil fuels, solid wastes, and wood products to heat buildings, drive vehicles, and generate electricity. At the same time, the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis has been greatly reduced by deforestation, the long-term destruction of forests by indiscriminate cutting of trees for lumber or to clear land for agricultural activities. Methane is an even more effective insulator, trapping over 21 times more heat than does the same amount of carbon dioxide. Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane also comes from rotting organic waste in landfills, and it is released from certain animals, especially cows, as a byproduct of digestion. Nitrous oxide is a powerful insulating gas released primarily by burning fossil fuels and by plowing farm soils. Nitrous oxide traps over 270 times more heat than does the same amount of carbon dioxide. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earths atmosphereThis chart shows how much warming coul d be caused by each of the gases that human activities release. Carbon dioxide accounts for three fourths of the predicted increase in the greenhouse effect. Essay on The Dangers of Fracking EssaySome critics find the Kyoto Protocol too weak. Even if it were enforced immediately, it would only slightly slow the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Much stronger action would be required later, particularly because the developing nations exempted from the Kyoto rules are expected to produce half the worlds greenhouse gases by 2035. The most influential opponents of the protocol, however, find it too strong. Opposition to the treaty in the United States is spurred by the oil industry, the coal industry, and other enterprises that manufacture or depend on fossil fuels. These opponents claim that the economic costs to carry out the Kyoto Protocol could be as much as $300 billion, due mainly to higher energy prices. Proponents of the Kyoto sanctions believe the costs will prove more modest $88 billion or less much of which will be recovered as Americans save money after switching to more efficient appliances, vehicles, and industrial processes. We are all generally guilty of contributing to the effects of Global Warming: In the United States, approximately 6.6 tons (almost 15,000 pounds) of green house gases are emitted per person every year. And emissions per person have increased about 3.4% between 1990 and 1997. Most of these emissions, about 82%, are from burning fossil fuels to generate electricity and power our cars. However there are many things you yourself can do to reduce the emissions of fossil fuels, and in turn prevent global warming. For example, things as simple as: car pooling, keeping your vehicle well-maintained, using energy efficient appliances, etc Also investing in a new hybrid vehicle is without a doubt a smart decision for the environment. The first hybrid available in Canada is the Honda Insight This car is powered with a combination of furl and electricity, and will be capable of driving approximately 70 miles on a single gallon of gasoline. We, as an entire race, need to become more aware of the f uture repercussions of our seemingly harmless daily activities and choices. This will ensure a safe, temperate future for generations to come. Bibliography:

Launches an Essay Writing Competition with 750$ Prize Fund

Launches an Essay Writing Competition with 750$ Prize Fund A student or a young writer from any part of the globe can take part in this essay writing contest. The topic is â€Å"Can education fight crime†. As famous French writer, Victor Hugo once said: â€Å"Pour the abyss of ignorance, and you will destroy the stash of crimes†. We want to know, is it true for you, or is education has no power against evil in your opinion? All contestants must be 25 years or younger. There are no entrance fees or any other limitations concerning what you can or should write. There are, however, some contest guidelines: Your essay should have 500-800 words. We don’t want your work to be too long. Also, we don’t want it to be too short. Length 500 to 800 words is just perfect. Your work should be written in English. Our contest is international. So is The English language. We know, that Chinese is also considered to be international, but none of us or our writers can speak it or any other international language well enough. Thanks for understanding all contest rules. Write contest by yourself and from the heart. As was said earlier, we want to read YOUR thoughts, be sure we are going to check every work for plagiarism. So, you have to make a deep breath and say: â€Å"I write my essay† to win this essay writing contest! Your work could be written in any style, but mistakes will be counted. Be ready to write about education, so we expect not to find countless grammar, spelling or punctuation mistakes. So please, even if your work has an incredible message and expresses your soul, bother to check it a few extra times. It will be a pity if a really good work which has all reasons to win the contest, go unnoticed due to poor language usage. Use MS Word, write your name, age and where you study as a name of the document. We ask You to write this information not because there are some extra limitations to participants in our contest, but because we ourselves are interested in where our participants from and who they are, so it would be great if you duplicate that data in the bottom of the document. Plus it is much easier to keep track of your works if they are named those way. Deadline of the contest and winner announcement Send us your works until April the 15th on our address at We will write you back as soon, as we receive your letter. If You won’t receive any reply, be sure to write at so your work could not be lost. We announce Winners   on May the 9th, on this day we will contact them with further instructions on how they can collect their rewards! Contest Prize Pool And now let’s talk about fun part of ours! Some of our writers, who are the best in our essay writing service, in consolidation with staff from a jury. They are going to choose three best works. Authors of those works will be rewarded with some tasty prizes: 1st Place – 500$; 2nd Place – 200$; 3rd Place – 50$. We will post winners’ essays which win the contest as well as information about the writers on our blog and post links to your Social Networks below it (it is optional, we won’t do it if you don’t want us to). More to that, if you repost this contest post on Facebook, you will have a chance of winning an Amazon gift card! We are going to choose randomly a person on May the 9th, the day when the first three works will be announced. All you need to do is not to delete this report until the day of winners’ announcement! Send us your essays till April the 15th. Be sure to write â€Å"This Contest† in the subject of the letter and follow our guidelines! Good luck!

Home Furniture Ltd.

Home Furniture Ltd. The success of Home Furniture Ltd. (HF) is due to their commitment to provide affordable yet high-quality products. As a result the corporate leaders at HF went the extra mile in developing solutions to rising manufacturing costs as well as shipping costs. For them the best way to lower manufacturing cost is through innovation.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Home Furniture Ltd. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company developed a system of manufacturing that enabled them to disassemble furniture, ship it to customers, and then re-assembled in the comfort of their own home. It was an overwhelming success. The company was established in Finland but today HF already has a global presence. However, with the global expansion comes the inevitable problems associated with it. The corporate leaders at HF came face-to-face with challenges related to culture and logistics. Their difficulties were exacerbated by the f act that HF is no longer governed by a Finnish CEO but one who comes from the UK and together with his promotion to the top post, he brought with him a set of cultural beliefs and core values that came in conflict with teams working overseas. The new British CEO must learn how to do business in a global scale and it requires a clear understanding of cultural differences and its impact in developing teams. Some of the most significant changes made by the new CEO was to adopt the English language as the official language of communication throughout the organisation. Thus, multicultural teams located as far as India and other Asian countries must comply with this new directive. However, it did not take long for the CEO to realise that the communication strategy used to implement change revealed conflicts due to cultural differences. More importantly the CEO was made aware of the fact that there are serious lapses in human resource management especially when it comes to global operation s. There is a need to formulate a strategy to solve these problems and the best way to start is to realise that culture is at the heart of the matter. A. Provide the new Home Furniture CEO with advice on the policy he should adopt when operating in various countries and employing people from various countries. Refer to the various concepts and outcomes of research on management across cultures. Understanding Culture The CEO must lead the way when it comes to understanding differences in culture and the need to effectively managed multicultural teams (Hogan, 2007, p.81). There must be a program that teaches top managers on how to deal with diversity within the organisation. The struggle in coping with the challenges of diversity is especially true for the expatriates that HF sent to handle their Asian and American business operations.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The said training program should be instilled into the hearts and minds of the top-level managers who will be sent as expatriates to foreign countries. They must learn to respect, appreciate and manage diversity. They must come to realise that culture is: a) the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes one human group from another; b) important sets of assumptions that are shared by members of a community; and c) a groups characteristic way of perceiving the environment† (Earley Singh, 2000, p.18). These are the things that they cannot afford to ignore. HFs CEO must emphasise the fact that technical expertise is just part of the learning process, they must also learn the significance of understanding cultural differences. Members of the multicultural teams scattered all over the globe must come to terms with the fact that â€Å"Culture give people a sense of who they are, of belonging, of how they should behave, and of what they should be doing, culture im pacts behaviour, morale, and productivity at work, and includes values and patterns that influence company attitudes and actions† (Moran Harris, 2007, p.6). If the CEO and the top-level managers are in agreement about these issues then they will develop a keen awareness of the strengths and limitations of multicultural teams and how to deal with employees in foreign lands. A deeper understanding of culture and its impact on the organisation can be understood by referring to a framework developed by a psychologist named Geert Holfstede (Mindtools, 2011 p.1). These are labelled as follows: 1) Power/Distance; 2) Individualism; 3) Masculinity; 4) Uncertainty/Avoidance; and 5) Long Term Orientation. (Mindtools, 2011, p.1). These five dimensions cover important aspects of business operations such as corporate leadership, teamwork, how to deal with employees and how employees will interact with their supervisors. It is even helpful when it comes to gender issues. It also give leader s the ability to develop systems and company policies based on the local culture and not on what they believe is true according to their own culture. The framework developed by Holfstede is a helpful tool when it comes to devising strategies for developing human resources.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Home Furniture Ltd. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first dimension labelled as Power/Distance is an important contribution in the study of international business. This cultural dimension is the measure of the effect of the perception of power when it comes to the interaction between two people. In the UK it is non-issue if a subordinate will deal with a boss in a manner that will reveal that they are equals, without considering age differences and social status. If the same thing is done in a country like Japan where there is a high score in the Power/Distance dimension, then the boss will be offended by the lack of respect from the subordinate. The second dimension which is Individualism is the measure of the â€Å"strength of the ties people have to others within the community† (MindTools, 2011, p.1). This means that in Asian countries the workers will chose harmony over confrontation. They will do everything not to rock the boat so to speak. This can be frustrating for a Westerner when it comes to dealing with problems in the company and find no one will speak out and talk about the issues that are hounding the group. The third most important insight that Hofstede contributed to the study of international business is how to measure long term orientation or LTO. This particular cultural dimension is very critical when it comes to introducing something new to the company. It is imperative that HFs CEO is aware of this facet of culture. If the CEO ignores the implications of LTO then he will be bewildered when he encounters resistance when it comes to a policy change. This re sistance is due to the natural tendency to use what worked in Western societies but does not necessarily mean that it is also effective in an Asian context. Hiring and Training Before going into the intricacies of multicultural teams the first thing that has to be done is to hire the best and brightest, train them and then hope to retain their services for a long period of time. It is the finding, training, and retaining of skilled workers that can thrive in Western-style multinational corporate cultures that will ensure the success of HF in foreign lands (Krizan et al., 2008, p.381). HFs CEO must be aware of the strength and weaknesses of the talent pool available to him. The best way to illustrate this is to look at HFs needs in the context of their operations in China.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to experts there are four types of managers that HF can hire and these are 1) Western expatriates; 2) Asian Expatriates; 3) Mainland Chinese returning home; and 4) Local talent (Lau, 2007, p.1). The same thing can be said of other operations outside Finland thus this is a good way to demonstrate how the CEO will deal with hiring and training expatriates and local talent. The strength of Western expatriates is seen in the way they understand international business and their familiarity with Western management techniques. However, they do not posses a deep understanding of the Chinese culture and they are very limited in terms of using the Chinese language. Asian expatriates on the other hand can be as good as Western expatriates in terms of their knowledge with regards to Western management techniques. Furthermore, they have another advantage; they have a far better grasp of Chinese culture and language. One option open to HF is to hire managers that are from Mainland China who went abroad to study or live there as expatriates and decided to come back to their homeland and work there. Their advantage is they understand the Western mindset and trained to implement strategies from a Western point of view. This group is valuable to the company in terms of their ability to understand Chinese culture. The only challenge is that HF must offer them an attractive compensation package so that they will be enticed to come home and work in China. The fourth group are the locals. The problem is that they lack international exposure and deficient when it comes to English language skills. Moreover, they need to be trained to appreciate and embrace the standard of quality expected by HF. Nevertheless, it is more practical to hire local talent than to hire someone from abroad. This is the reason why HF build teams by hiring a small number of local managers at the level of middle-management and then bring in an expatriat to guide the team initially for four years. Thi s is a good practice because the locals will know that they have job security and that the company has a long term commitment in their country. Aside from localising the management team one way of retaining top talent is through investing in training and development as seen in the following, â€Å"many foreign businesses have extensively rotated local talent through various countries. This rotation and related possibility of promotion is also an effective way of retaining human capital developed by the company† (Luo, 2007, p. 181). It is important to remember though that training programs should be a product of careful planning with an eye towards the future and not simply a hastily assembled training program that does not meet the needs of multicultural teams. According to Schuler and Jackson, â€Å"Enterprises often carry out training without strategic planning, costing or taking into account what the training needs of the enterprise† (2007, p. 282). This will not wo rk for HF. B. The sophisticated nature of logistics and the innovation and development of products at Home Furniture means that its employees are required to work in teams. Advise the new CEO on what he should take into account when forming multi-cultural teams from various countries where Home Furniture has offices, stores, and production units, and how to manage those teams. Develop a Training Program HFs CEO must design and develop a training program that will transform the way the organisation deals with multicultural teams. According to experts multicultural teams can easily become the most productive teams in the organization but at the same time this type of team can easily underachieve (Adler Gundersen, 2008, p.140). The reason for this is the inability of the CEO to manage diversity (Adler Gundersen, 2008, p.140). This is a crucial aspect of multicultural teams that HF must consider. If the CEO has no idea what to do with cultural diversity within a multicultural team the n conflict will arise and he will be powerless to deal with it. Experts are saying that the usual method of conflict resolution is by avoidance using the divide and conquer tactic evident in compartmentalisation or departmentalisation of an organisation (Earley Singh, 2000, p.21). Another method is through suppression by using the power of corporate hierarchy to stifle dissenting voices (Earley Singh, 2000, p.21) But recent studies indicated that conflict is something that organisations must learn not to avoid; they must learn to embrace it. This is especially true when it comes to â€Å"functional conflicts† because a closer inspection will reveal that this type of conflict is â€Å"viewed as a way of surfacing more ideas, criticisms, and opinions of group members regarding task performance and can make a positive contribution to group performance† (Earley Singh, 2000, p.21). This is why the CEO must create an environment where conflict is addressed properly and no t discourage team members to voice out their opinions and suggestions. With regards to the creation of a training program for multicultural teams, HFs CEO must design it in such a way that team members will be able to â€Å"reflect on their own self (My Biography); they should be objective and accurate observers (Ethnography); they should communicate effectively (Inter-cultural Communication); interact successfully with people from other cultures (Inter-cultural Interaction); they should come to terms with their emotions (Emotional Management); and deal with different issues of diversity (Diversity Management)† (Guilherme Glaser, 2010, p.187). The training program must teach top-level managers, middle-management and key leaders in the company to understand culture by being able to reflect on their own cultural bias and then use that to observe the cultural differences that exist around them. By doing so they have achieved a level of awareness that will enable them to communi cate effectively to team members in a multicultural team. As a result they are able to resolve conflict and enhance teamwork. The said training program that will be initiated by HFs CEO must also contain a module wherein team leaders and team members are taught the value of communication. In the context of a multicultural team verbal skills is not enough. According to experts in the field of international business, communication is a complex subject matter that it can even be broken down into smaller components such as: words, material things and behaviour (Hall Hall, 1990, p.3). In other words a team member must try to decode what was said not only by listening to the words that was said but also by determining the silent language being conveyed. This new skill is not mastered easily and requires team members to spend more time together. Conclusion HFs CEO must develop a system of hiring and training local talent. There is nothing wrong with bringing in an expatriate to guide the team in the initial stages of development. Therefore, HF must learn to manage multicultural teams. The next step is to create a training program that will instil in the hearts and minds of every single employee that they live in a globalised workplace. It is no longer enough to focus on ones culture; it is time to understand cultural differences that exist within the team. In this way multicultural teams can be more effective and HF will be able to expand in other countries because it is now possible to hire and retain the best talent. References Adler, N. J. Gundersen, A., 2008. International Dimensions of Organisational  Behaviour. UK: Thomson Higher Education. Earley, P. C. Singh, H., 2000. Innovations in International and Cross-cultural  Management. London: Sage. Guilherme, M. Glaser, E. 2010. The Inter-cultural Dynamics of Multicultural  Working. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Hall, Edward T. Hall, M., 1990. Understanding Cultural Differences: Germans, French and Amer icans. Yarmouth, ME: Inter-cultural Press. Hogan, C., 2007. Facilitating Multicultural Groups: A Practical Guide. London: Kogan Page. Lau, D., 2011. China: Skills Shortage Makes Long-Term Talent Management Key  to Success. Web. Luo, Y., 2007. Guanxi and Business. New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing. MindTools, 2011. Holfstedes Cultural Dimensions. Web. Moran, R.T. Harris, P.R., 2007. Managing Cultural Differences. 7th ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Schuler, R. Jackson, S. E., 2007. Strategic Human Resource Management. 2nd ed. MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Come up with a plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Come up with a plan - Essay Example Establishing a high completion/proficiency percentage shows me that the students are progressing in knowledge because they are accomplishing the tasks assigned through differentiation. To accomplish this goal, I will first determine what students know about the unit of instruction before I begin to teach it. These diagnostic tests will show me where students should begin their studies. The class is stratified roughly into three categories (Above, At and Below Grade Level). I will anticipate the diagnostic test showing the strengths and weaknesses of students across these categories. Based on the results of the diagnostic, students will be allowed to self-select multiple learning activities that have been developed for their current level of understanding. Allowing students to self-select provides a level of intrinsic motivation that dictated assignments do not, especially for students that struggle to learn or who possess negative attitudes towards authority. Students working above g rade level will be provided with opportunities to conduct semi-guided research, interview individuals in the community that have strong links to a particular topic in the unit of study or attend to a project that deepens their understanding of the unit.

Organizational Design, Culture, and Adaptation Essay

Organizational Design, Culture, and Adaptation - Essay Example This meant that there were less bureaucratic loopholes and more room for productivity to come about within the hospital settings. The patient-centric aspect is being documented through different programs and steps which are taken on every now and then, as well as in a consistent fashion. This has been the basis of finding out where shortcomings are taking place and what best measures are being done to avoid them from coming up in the first place (Tang, 2002). This healthcare manager is therefore doing his levels best to ensure that the hospital facility remains at par with the best hospitals in town and showcases its true mettle to the general public at all times. He has kept a close eye on the internal and external factors which are under his influence so that the hospital facility has a very sound structure in place. This is the basis of knowing exactly where internal level issues are plaguing the hospital and how external factors play significant roles as well. 2. What internal an d external factors were considered in the transformation? The internal factors that were considered during the restructuring and reengineering were mostly comprised of the attitudes that the employees had on a day to day basis. The external factors were mostly to do with the patients, who were essentially the customers for the sake of the hospital facility. ... The external factors were given similar importance because the patients are the basis of any hospital’s long term success. If they are contented, then this means that the healthcare facility is doing well but if these are not, and as the healthcare manager suggests, then there is much to learn on the part of all and sundry. This outlines how well the hospital facility has been able to rein in commitment towards its transformation. 3. What were the barriers or obstacles were encountered (e.g. internal politics, economics, resource limitations, time constraints, etc.) The healthcare manager faced quite a few obstacles and barriers in the beginning when the restructuring and reengineering aspects were outlined in essence. This meant that he needed to face them, analyze them and turn them in his own favor with the passage of time. There were attitudinal problems that the healthcare manager talked about with the internal domains not being beefed up properly. This meant that the pre mise of change was not such a welcoming one within the internal publics. They did not want to alter their working standards and hence this posed as a serious challenge towards the healthcare facility. Moreover, there were economic issues which haunt this healthcare manager as well. This meant that he needed to restructure and reengineer everything within a fixed budget. The internal politics also came about because the employees had a habit of speaking behind one’s back that had a very negative effect as far as the organizational design, culture and adaptation issues were concerned. 4. What is the potential impact on the program of technology, legislation, etc. on the services provided on the program? The potential impact on the program with regards to technology,

Define and discuss sustainable development by focusing on a global Essay

Define and discuss sustainable development by focusing on a global issue - Essay Example Global warming is an issue that has to be looked into urgently in order to curb these effects before they even get worse than they are now. And in dealing with these issues, so many things have to be put into consideration. Will the measures taken be able to sustain this problem over the years to come and will the generations to come be able to put up with these measures? Without a doubt, it is evident that there exist symbiotic relationship and dependency between society (human beings) and natural resources. This relationship is what we refer to as â€Å"social metabolism† (Ghosh & Goswami, 2014, pg. 67). In any given society, natural recourses are what keep the economy moving. They are the backbone of any economy in society. Human beings depend on forests in so many ways. Forests are the sole source of wood used in construction of houses, commercial buildings; office and house hold furniture and so on. Literally in any building or place one walks into, rarely will one miss a â€Å"wood† aspect around them. Forests too are a good source of charcoal and firewood used at homes. Rural societies and some urbanites depend on forest for medicinal purposes since it is in these forests that you will find herbs and wild vegetation that contain medicinal value for curing various human and animal diseases. Forests are a good water catchment area and source of some rivers. Rivers, lakes and other water bodies provide human beings with water. â€Å"Water is life† no living thing in the world can survive without water. Water from rivers is used in irrigation and in other domestic uses by human beings. Water bodies are a source of habitat for creatures that benefit society in one way or the other (Ghosh & Goswami, 2014, pg. 68). Fish is a good source of healthy food for humans. Other than being used for home purpose, most societies living around fresh water bodies have built their economy through the sale of fish, both locally and to other

Relationship Between Organization And Information System Information Technology Essay

Relationship Between Organization And Information System Information Technology Essay An information system provides procedures to record make available information, concerning part of the organization, to assist organization related activities. Information systems are more then the computers. Effective usage of information system requires a thorough understanding of the organization, its management and the information technology it implies. Information system is defined as the combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making.(Web-2). Three activities; Input, Processing, and Output in the information system produce the information that are needed to make decision making, Analyzing the problems, controlling operation, and in launching new products. Input collects the raw data, which is manifested into meaning form by the Processor and Output transfers the processed data to the relevant person. Super market check-out is one of the most common examples of uses of information system used by the retail industry. It holds loads of valued information. It keeps millions of data, such as product cost and the details, product identification number and number of product sold out. On the basis of the information collected, companies analyze the total number of the items sold out, items left in the stock, items that sell most, the stuff that need to ordered, and the most analyze its sales. Information system is divided into operational, knowledge, management and strategic level and into five major functional areas; production and manufacturing, Finance, Accounting, sales marketing and Human resources. (Laudon and Laudon, 2003) A strategic level system helps senior management in tackling and addressing strategic issues in order to support the long range planning. Management level systems supports in monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities for middle managers. Knowledge and data workers are supported by the knowledge level system. Its importance is felt, when new ideas (knowledge) are to be injected into the organization. And basic activities and transactions of the organization (such as cash deposit, sales, receipts, payroll etc) are done by the operational managers, which is supported by the Operational level system. It is clear from the above classifications, that the information system is vital for every level of the organization. Sin ce, every level within the organization is interdependent. Any mistake, delays in information passage in any of the level, is enough for downfall of the organization. Similarly, in many ways, the information system supports the main business functions. For example, sales and marketing information system helps the firm to explore markets for its products or services, develop products and services that meet customers need and promote and sell those products and services. The manufacturing and production information system is responsible for planning, development and production of goods and services and control the production flow. Likewise, finance and accounting information system helps to set up long-term investment goals and provide long-range forecasts of financial performance of the firm. It also helps the managers to manage and control the firms financial resources. Moreover, human resources information system plays a vital role for managing the people effectively. It keeps and maintains employee records which makes easy to analyze and evaluate job performance, conduct recruitment and selection, training and development and retention as well. Managers and the Organization cannot ignore information system due to its critical nature. The influence and the importance of information system are evident in decision making, planning, and management of its employee and in management of the products. One of the most important roles of a manager is to make effective decisions which is very challenging job of the manager. The managers often depend on information system to make decisions because it helps to communicate and distribute information. Interdependence between the business strategy and the information system is becoming more and more complicated. Any change in any of the components has overall effect on the organization. Future prospect of any organization wholly depends on the information system it relies on. The following figure shows the relationship between organization and the Information system. When rules, procedures and strategy of the organization have to be changed, it is also important to change hardware, software, database and, telecommunication. One of the reasons behind the vast importance of the information system in any organization and its effect on so many people is because of the high power and falling cost of the computer technologies. Interdependence Organization Information System Business Strategy Rules procedure Software Telecomm-unication Database Hardware Figure1. Relationship between organization and information system A theory based on both economic and behavioral approaches has made us easier to know the affect of information system on organization. According to Economic Theory, Information technology helps firm contract in size, because it helps to reduce the transaction cost. According to (Williamson, 1985; Coase, 1937), using market place is expensive because of the problem of communicating with distant suppliers, buying insurance, obtaining product, and so on. According to Transaction cost theory, firms and organization try to lower the cost of transaction as much as they do on production costs. It also reduces Management costs. Similarly, according to Agency theory, firms are viewed as the nexus of contracts among self interested individuals who most be supervised and managed. (Laudon and Laudon, 2003, p80). Information system is a multidisciplinary field having different perspectives on information systems. In order to make the information system work properly, a lot of social, organizational and intellectual investments are required. It is divided into two different approaches, i.e, technical approach and behavioral approach. Technical approach includes computer science, management science and operations research where computer science purely deals with the computer system such as computation methods and efficient data storage and access method. The management science is responsible for developing models for decision-making and management practices. Similarly, operations research emphasizes mathematical techniques that help organization to optimize selected parameters such as transportation, cost of transaction and inventory control. So, technical approach is concerned with mathematically based models, physical technology and the capabilities of these systems. Behavioral approach focuses on the changes including management and organizational policy, attitudes and behavior. Although it does not normally focus on technical solutions, it does not ignore technology. The models used in this approach help to explore different issues which can not be explored through technical approach. Important concepts and methods are generated from other behavioral disciplines. For example, sociologists study information system in order to get knowledge about how development of system is shaped by groups and organizations. Similarly, the psychologists study information system so that they can know how human decision makers understand and use formal information. On the other hand, the economists study information system to know what impact has been created by system on cost structure of the firm and the markets as well. The ideas from the sociological, psychological and political point of view are useful in determining the behavior of individual firms, which i s stated by the behavioral approach. It is clear now that the introduction of information system in organization is to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. Automated activities helps in the reduction of the cost incurred, brings more accuracy then the human minds, and the most is the Speed. It saves time and reduces unnecessary costs. Organizations like British gas, British Petroleum, Banks and many more calculates lots of customer bills and other activities, which is only possible through the use of information system. It can be said with guarantee that many large companies would not survive more than 24 hrs without information system. On the contrary, its dark side on the cost at initial installment, the changes that comes along with it, and reluctance of the employee to go with it, and the cost of unproductive information would cause a severe problem to the organization.

Collective Bargaining and Labour Market Outcomes for Canadian Working W

Collective Bargaining and Labour Market Outcomes for Canadian Working Women I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION: UNIONS, LOW PAY, AND EARNINGS INEQUALITY The major purposes of this paper are, first, to examine the impacts of collective bargaining on labour market outcomes for women workers in Canada, specifically with respect to pay, benefits coverage, the incidence of low pay and the extent of earnings inequality, and, second, to suggest ways in which positive impacts could be extended via the expansion of collective bargaining coverage. This part of the paper briefly reviews the literature on the impacts of collective bargaining on earnings, low pay, and earnings inequality, and Part II provides some background description of the labour market position of Canadian working women. Particular attention is paid to the situation of the majority of women who continue to work in lower paid, often insecure and part-time, clerical, sales, and service jobs. The central conclusion of the empirical analysis in Part III, mainly based on data from Statistics Canada's 1995 Survey of Working Arrangements, is that collective bargaining coverage, con trolling for other factors, has significant positive impacts in terms of raising pay and access to benefits, and in terms of reducing the incidence of low pay among women workers. However, the level of collective bargaining coverage for women is very low in precisely those sectors of the economy where women in low paid and insecure jobs are most concentrated, namely in private services and in smaller enterprises. Promoting better labour market outcomes for women workers accordingly requires a major extension of collective bargaining. Part IV of the paper briefly considers ways in which this could be achieved through trade union action and through changes to public policy. The 1996 OECD Employment Outlook comprehensively documented profound differences in the degree of earnings inequality and the incidence of low pay in the advanced industrial countries, noting that these two labour market characteristics are closely related in that "the incidence of low pay tends to be highest in those countries where earnings inequality is the most pronounced." While there is significant variation between countries, a generalized pattern is that continental European countries, particularly in Northern Europe, have a strikingly more equal distributio... ...omen in non-unionized jobs, while for men, the wage difference was about $4.50 - or 24 per cent. The wage premium associated with unionization is shown for selected subgroups of women and men in Table 3. It is notable that the apparent union wage premium tends to be higher for less educated workers, though this is more clearly the case for men than for women. This is consistent with the fact that managerial and professional occupations in the private sector have very low rates of unionization. Table 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Average Hourly Wages of Women and Men, by Unionization and Selected Characteristics, Canada 1995   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WOMEN  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MEN  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Union  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-Union  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Union Premium"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Union  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-Union  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Union Premium" All Age 15 to 24 Age 25 to 44 Age 45 to 69 Less than high school High school grad. Certificate/Diploma University degree Full-time Part-time Managerial/Admin. Professional Clerical Sales Services Blue Collar Firm size less than 20 Firm size 20 to 99 Firm size 100 to 500 Firm size + 500   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16.68 11.23 16.92 17.37 12.16 14.60 16.56 21.38 16.90 15.95 18.59 19.49 14.47

America by Claude Mckay Essay

â€Å"America† is a poem written by prominent Harlem Renaissance writer Claude McKay. In this poem we are told about life in America through the narrator’s point of view. It is through the narrator’ experience that McKay delivers his message, America will one day lose its greatness if it continues in its evil ways. Personification and diction is used to convey this message. Personification is used to give human-like qualities to America. Diction is used to explain how the hostility he/she experiences in America leads to the narrator’s ominous prediction of America’s future. Throughout the poem the speaker refers to America as ‘her’. By doing this Claude McKay uses personification to give America the human-like qualities of a female. This is shown in lines 1-3: â€Å"Although she feeds me bread of bitterness/And sinks into my throat her tiger’s tooth/ stealing my breath of life†. In the first part of line 1 where it says, â€Å"Although she feeds me bread†, this implies that America is something like a mother figure. However, the fact that America feeds the narrator bread of bitterness, bites his/her throat, and steals his/her breath of life, it’s obvious that America does not treat the speaker well. In line 11, it states, â€Å"Darkly I gaze into the days ahead†. The word ‘darkly’ implies that as a result of the hostility he/she experiences; the narrator has an ominous view of the future. When McKay says, â€Å"her might and granite wonders there† (line 12), it can be inferred that America’s global power and beautiful land are included in the narrators dark future. â€Å"Like priceless treasures sinking in the sand† (line 14). This line best illustrates McKay’s message that America will one day lose its greatness if it continues in its evil ways when you take into account the definition of the word sinking. Sinking means to be failing in health and strength. This led me to believe that line 14 means that America’s greatness and beautiful land that we cherish so much will eventually cease to exist. I believe the treatment the narrator receives in â€Å"America† by Claude McKay, is based on his own experience during the Harlem Renaissance. The use of personification to represent America and clever word choice allow McKay to deliver his message. This message is that America will one day lose its greatness if it continues in its evil ways.

The Trail of Tears Essay

The Trail of Tears Essay The Trail of Tears Essay The Trail of Tears refers to the forceful relocation and eventual movement of the Native American communities from the South Eastern regions of the U.S. as a result of the enactment of the Indian Removal Act in the year 1830. In the year 1838, in line with Andrew Jacksons policy of the Indians’ removal, the Cherokee community was forced to surrender its land to the east of Mississippi River and migrate to the present day Oklahoma. This journey was referred to as the â€Å"Trail of Tears† mainly due to its devastating effects it had to the Indian people. The migrants faced extreme hunger, diseases and exhaustion due to the forced march while more than 50,000 people died (Cave, 2003). The Trail of Tears resulted in a devastating effect for the Indians such as extreme hunger, diseases and exhaustion due to long walk and massive injustices and abuse of fundamental human rights. According to Perdue (2008), the Trail of Tears is regarded as one of the tragic eras in the U.S. history mainly due to the forceful relocation of the Indians. This is also considered as the beginning of the Indian extermination by the U.S. government even though they had lived in the country several centuries before the white settlers set their foot in America. After the American Revolution and the eventual creation of the U.S., the Indians were regarded as a separate nation within a sovereign country even though they were fully committed to a peaceful coexistence with the white settlers. However, the white settlers were mostly interested in the resources of rich and productive land under the occupation of the Indians. As a result, the U.S. government embarked on a long campaign marked by false promises, broken and false treaties, and threats of military force and racist attitudes to oust the Indians from their native territory. The U.S. government committed a heinous incident in its long history when it passed the Removal Act in the year 1830, which later resulted in the Trail of Tears. The Indians were moved to the west in an exodus that would ensure the new American settlers continued growing and prospering in their new country. The most famous of those forced from their native land by the U.S. government included Five Civilized Tribes comprising of the Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminole, Chickasaw and Creek (Cave, 2003). These tribes constituted the majority of more than 60,000 Indians driven out of their land and they were distinguished from other Indian populations due to their leadership forms and organization. They had functional social systems based on property ownership, government offices and established schools much like in Europe (Perdue, 2008). However, the U.S. government could not recognize them to be civilized enough to be their neighbors necessitating their forceful relocation. The Trail of Tears created a period of immeasurable misery and despair among the Indians who were being relocated against their wishes. In order to relocate the Indian tribes swiftly and effectively, the Indians tribes were prearranged into wretched and miserable traveling caravans. During the trail, the Indians passed through horrible living conditions that were unbearable, for instance, the Indians slept in the mud, lacked shelter and enough food. On the other hand, they were usually forced to march in chains or manacles. In most cases, if the poor living conditions did not kill them, severe disease outbreaks killed most of the Indians. They were plagued with diseases such as dysentery, pneumonia, whooping cough, pellagra and tuberculosis, which usually wiped out entire families (Cave, 2003). Consequently, the Trail of Tears resulted in massive deaths among the Indians apart from damaging the Indian American spirit and self respect. The 1830 Indian Removal act gave President Jackson the power to relocate the Indians under their consent while the act required that they be compensated for the relocation. However, this is not the manner in which the policy was implemented as the government engaged in false treaties with the Indians, broken promises and perpetrated lies while dealing with the Indians (Cave, 2003). The Choctaw Indians in 1831 were the first who were relocated and they became a perfect model for the successful relocations. The Seminole followed the Choctaw in 1832, then the Creek in the year 1834, the Chickasaw Indians in the year 1837, and lastly the Cherokee Indians in 1838. As a result, by 1837, it is estimated that more than 46,000 Native Indians from these southern states had forcefully been relocated from their homelands thus opening about 25 million acres for mainly white settlement (Perdue, 2008). In conclusion, the Trail of Tears is a perfect expression of the U.S. government’s act of inhumanity towards the Indians. The new white settlers in the U.S. had escaped the oppression in Europe and they were obsessed with their new freedoms in America that they easily trampled on the freedom and rights of the Indians. The Trail of Tears resulted in a devastating effect for the Indians who were forced to walk over 1,000 miles to Oklahoma in a trip where they walked without shoes or enough clothing (Perdue, 2008). The food provision was scarce, they suffered from severe diseases and a large number of the Indians died from the harsh conditions and diseases. The U.S. must never forget these shameful and sad moments in its long history with the hope that the country learns from the past, in order to prevent the occurrence of other atrocities similar to the Trail of Tears. Visit our custom essay service to have your essay paper written by professional writers. 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The American Monarchy essays

The American Monarchy essays Analysis of President Bushs Use of the Executive Order Stroke of the pen. Law of the Land. Kinda Cool. Paul Begala, former counselor to President Bill Clinton, put it best when he was quoted in regards to President Clintons increased use of executive orders. Executive orders can sometimes have tremendous policy impact on the nation, yet they do not require the approval of Congress. However they do have the force of law. These legal tools are not mentioned in the Constitution, but have grown up based on the implied powers stemming from Article II, Section 1 which states, The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. This vesting clause is significant because it lacks the phrase herein granted making the presidents powers more vague, allowing these powers to develop as the country develops. George W. Bush consistently relies on his ability to use an executive order helping his administration stay afloat. There are countless reasons why a president would use an executive order for example, to undue policies from a previous administration, fulfill campaign and platform promises, and advance policies that would never get passed if it were to go through the House or Senate. In this study, I plan to scrutinize President Bushs use of the executive order to negate Former President Bill Clintons policies, explore how Bush uses them to advance his own policies, and analyze the secrecy of his presidency. During President Bushs first year in office, his mission was to undue everything the previous lame duck president did in attempt to restrict his movement after he came into office. Clinton issued several executive orders in an effort to tie the hands of President Bush once he took control of the presidency. Within Bushs first year of his term, he issued ten executive orders all to revoke sixteen of Clintons ...

Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Journal 4 - Essay Example This paper provides insight into the engineering concept of green buildings, by analyzing Lipu, Jamal and Karim’s journal article titled â€Å"An approach towards sustainable energy performance by green building: a review of current features, benefits and barriers.† Just like the title suggests, the article examines how green buildings work towards increasing energy conservation and sustainability. This journal article also outlines characteristics of green buildings, their benefits and the hurdles that engineers encounter when constructing them. A principal point noted from the article is that global warming and potential depletion of resources is a major concern for engineers. This is especially in the construction industry, since buildings make up the greatest percentage of engineering works. According to Lipu, Jamal and Karim (180) construction of buildings consumes more than one-third of global resources. This includes approximately 40 percent energy and 12 percent freshwater usage. In terms of pollution and contribution to global warming, buildings produce about 40 percent of greenhouse gases and the same proportion of landfill waste (Lipu et al. 181). These figures clearly show that it is not only industries and cars that contribute to the problem of rising global temperatures and climate change, but buildings as well. Construction of green buildings and refurbishing old ones to enhance sustainability holds significant potential to save energy, while reducing emission of greenhouse gases. Further, green buildings create a comfortable and healthy indoor setting for building tenants. This is because green buildings provide proper indoor conditions in regard to ventilation, air quality and thermal comfort. By making maximum use of day lighting and natural ventilation, which is supported by many operable windows, green buildings save energy that would otherwise have been used to sustain artificial lighting and air conditioning systems. Further, green

Managing risk in construction project in developing countriess Ghana Essay

Managing risk in construction project in developing countriess Ghana - Essay Example t the major risks associated with the construction sector include risks logistical delays , political influences , extensive procedures for approval , improper construction designs , financial constraints , etc . To study the impact of these risks on the construction projects in Ghana , a quantitative survey has been conducted . The data collected by the quantitative questionnaire , has been statistically analysed . The statistical measure used for the analyses include mean , tally , histogram and pearson’s correlation . The software tools used in the research include Excel spread sheet for data representation and MINITAB for statistical analyses . Based on the results of the statistical analyses , the research has suggested a set of strategies for risk management in the construction projects in Ghana . I --------------------------------------- , wish to acknowledge the following personnel who gave their valuable assistance and guidance for me to complete this research work successfully . Without their cooperation , the development of this research and publication would have been difficult I -------- wish to dedicate this research work Based on the Risk Management in Construction projects in developing countries like Ghana , to my --------------- who had always been my ----------------- and I also dedicate this research work for the benefit of the people involved in the construction sector . The history of the construction industry dates back to many centuries , when human beings left the caves and started living in houses . The architectural and engineering aspects of the construction industry started emerging since the construction of the pyramids . Construction could be described as a process of building the infrastructure and involves a fleet of multi tasked activities . Any construction project includes the involvement of design engineers , architects , civil engineers , project mangers , etc . The successful completion of any

A Problem in a Real Organization in Kuwait Research Paper

A Problem in a Real Organization in Kuwait - Research Paper Example While social networks bloom globally and although it there is increased percentile of companies engaged in internet development, the technology experts in Kuwait were yet at that time evaluating the value of available ICT in the region (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). The study showed that on the use of IM application, which is one of the easiest ways for real-time instant messaging for Kuwaiti, proved that IM subscribers development, it to satisfy curiosity and to generate online friends (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). The internet connectivity was not immediately optimized as tool for business operation to hasten inter-departmental communication for ecology-friendly working places; for accessing more opportunities offshore; and for optimizing it for business transparency of companies to gain market credibility (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). In response to these challenges, the Kuwaiti academies have developed curriculum that teaches students about the multifarious use of information technology. Such strategically educated human resource about the relevance of ICT not only for instant message to gather friends and for curiosity, but also taught them how information superhighway developed convergence of people for intelligible utilization with user-friendly tools for coversion, interpretation, and integration of information., selection, conversion and interpretation facilities (Buabbas, 2006, pp. 1-18). Kuwaiti libraries were also developed for online and ICT instruction and research (Rogers, 2007, pp. 366-78).  

World Heritage Analysis (Ilocandia) Essay Example for Free

World Heritage Analysis (Ilocandia) Essay Directions: Considering the World Heritage Sites you will visit in the Ilocos Region (Church of San Agustin in Paoay , La Asuncion dela Nuestra Senora in Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur and the Historic Town of Vigan) find answers to the following questions by observing, interviewing, researching, etc. 1. What makes the Ilocandia a World Heritage Site? Vigan represents a unique fusion of Asian building design and construction with European colonial architecture and planning. Criterion (iv): Vigan is an exceptionally intact and well preserved example of a European trading town in East and South-East Asia. 2. What are the threats that face the world heritage sites? Natural threats such as earthquake, natural decay, tidal waves and typhoons might affect or damage the World Heritage Site in Ilocandia because most of them are cultural heritage. 3. What brings about the successful preservation of these world heritage sites? First objective: Fortify the sense of identity and pride of the community on their historic city. Second objective: To institutionalize local protective measures and development plans to ensure continuity of programs and involvement of stakeholders. Third objective: Forge local and international linkages. Fourth objective: Develop Vigan as a tourist destination where tourism programs enrich and conserve the people’s core values and traditions, as well as sustain livelihood and employment for bigueà ±os. 4. What is protected in the world heritage sites? They are protecting the historical significance and/or value of the cultural heritage sites (ancestral buildings and some of the Baroque churches in the Philippines) and the history and culture that it has left. 5. How are world heritage sites protected? What protection measures do they follow? (Localized your answers based on your local findings) a. An ordinance defining the boundaries of the protected historic district specifying the core and buffer zones. b. An ordinance providing the general conservation guidelines for Vigan ancestral houses and specifying the compatible uses of structures within the historic district. c. An executive order creating a multi-sectoral Vigan conservation council to promote involvement of local stakeholders. This council serves as a clearing house for all d. applications for building permits within the historic district. Clear-cut and specific steps in securing permits for house restorations were designed. e. An ordinance enacting the Vigan conservation code prescribing detailed guidelines for conservation of Vigan ancestral houses. f. An ordinance providing a yearly allocation of one percent of Vigan’s internal revenue allotment for arts, culture and tourism. 6. What impacts the presence of visitors have on world heritage sites and the host community? Through their conservation program, Vigan’s traditional industries continue  to fuel the economy and provide employment opportunities to the residents. With an annual income of 800,000 dollars in 1995, it grew over the years reaching our current income of 4.2 million dollars. The added revenues enable us to deliver basic services. 7. What steps are adopted in order to influence and encourage visitors toward adopting responsible behavior during their visit (and even afterwards)? Unlike in El Nido, Palawan, I have not seen nor heard that Ilocandia has their code of conduct for their visitors. Because, in truth it is into the visitor’s common sense to respect this world heritage sites. 8. Do they have codes of responsible conduct for visitors at heritage sites? How are they used? There is a signage in Paoay Church not only indicates visiting schedules but also regulations requesting people to behave in a responsible and civilized manner. This move is reflective of how people vandalize important monuments, even places of worship. The signage talks about dress codes, off-limit areas and even warns people from urinating along the side of the church between the buttresses. 9. How does the local organization enhance the quality of visitors’ experience? Last year, August 2010, Ilocos Norte Governor, Imee Marcos presented Norte Tourism Master Plan, they are aiming for an airport-driven urban development. I guess their main target is tourists from other countries. The governor also promoted through national media the Sand dune adventure in Suba. 10. How can the quality of heritage visitation be improved at the World Heritage Sites? They have provided ready access of information in Vigan for the local and international community through website. They also revitalized existing people’s organizations and encouraged the creation of new ones to become active partners in the transformation of their community. 11. What are the visitor problems they encounter at the World Heritage Sites? The problems that they encounter with the visitors or guests are minimal, for example, whenever visiting a museum or an old house, there is a signage that reads â€Å"Do not touch† or â€Å"Do not sit† simple problems. 12. What are the Top 5 characteristics of a great experience at these World Heritage Sites? 5th is that feeling when before I only saw it in a picture but at that particular time, I have seen in built right there, with my own eyes. :)4th hearing Ma’am Tina talk about everything she knows about those places, the shock, awe, and the knowledge that I gain. 3rd Is that I have heard how they speak, the local folks, tasted their food, watched how they cook, just simply observing them, their culture and trying to see the differences that the Ilocanos and Capampangan has.2nd When I was there, I felt and thought, like, â€Å"how did they survived the Spanish colony back then?† It is like at that moment I wished to go back in time. And 1st is that I have laid my foot on the floor of those places which are part of the World Heritage Sites. 13. How do the local people in the area help to protect the heritage values of these World Heritage Sites? There was a popular movement among community members to have the ancient status of Vigan as a city restored. In the plebiscite of January 22, 2001, â€Å"An act validating and recognizing the creation of the City of Vigan by the Royal Decree of September 7, 1758 issued by King Fernando VI of Spain† it was ratified by an overwhelming 93% affirmative votes. 14. What tourism services are offered to the visitors? Tourism services such as accommodation (hotels and restaurants), recreation services (Pagudpud beach, Sand dunes in Suba) travel agencies and/or tour operator services, tourist guide services, and other related services. 15. Why are these World Heritage places important? Heritage sites in Ilocos Sur and Norte (Vigan Heritage Village, Paoay Church, Sta. Maria Church) are important places for it stand as passive witnesses to the major events in Philippine history. These are not only beautiful landmarks but also monuments that mark time. The two churches symbolize the  need to protect religious places by the way the Spaniards built massive structures even if it took them many years to finish. The following definitions of social, aesthetic, historic and scientific values are from the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter) (1992) and the Draft Guidelines for the protection and management and use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural heritage places (1998). The definitions of biological diversity, ecosystems and geological values are from the Australian Natural Heritage (7 charter standards and principles for the conservation of places of natural heritage significance (1996). SOCIAL VALUES Social value to the community embraces the qualities for which a place is a focus of spiritual, traditional, economic, political, national or other cultural sentiment to the majority or minority group. * Is the place important to the community as a landmark or local signature? In what ways, and to what extent? Both, but they see the place more as a landmark than a local signature. Because the local people are still trying to preserve the history that the place, particularly the World Heritage Sites, conveys. * Is the place important as part of community identity? In what ways, and to what extent? Yes, Vigan is known for it shows the remains of what has happened in the past (history) and observing the community there, I noticed that unlike here in Angeles, or in any other cities, they are a bit conservative, maybe because they still possess the â€Å"Dalagang Pilipina† identity. And they are proud to be Ilocanos, Mrs. Angel Alvarez-Lao would be a very great example. * Is the place important to the community because an attachment to it has developed from long use? What is the length and strength of that attachment? Yes, because they benefit from the place because it is visited by tourists  from all over the world. And at the same time, maybe, because of that significant place a culture might have evolved. They are tightly attached to it, when I got there I have seen long lines of souvenir shops, an evidence of the pride they have as part of that community. * Which community values the place? The whole community values the place, because the local government has made several ordinance and the local people followed suit. A proof that they approve of the beatification of their community. * What is the relative importance of the place to the group or community (compared to other places important to it)? The place is important to them because aside from they get something from it, their tradition, culture, and their language was made through the past which the place represents. * Is the place associated with a particular person or group important in your community’s history? What is the importance of the association between this place and that person or group? There are a lot of important persons who grew up or stayed in this land. The second President of the Republic of the Philippines was born in Ilocos, as well as former President Ferdinand Marcos. Both of them have done good things for their region, especially Marcos. * Is the place valued by a community for reasons of religious, spiritual, cultural, educational or social associations? In what ways, and to what extent? Yes, in terms of religion Ilocos is known for the Baroque churches that were built there during the Spanish era. Culturally, yes, because these places represents how some/most of their traditions and cultures were made. Educationally, yes, Ilocos is known nationally for its beauty and especially  the stories behind those beautiful places. Socially, of course, for they meet a lot of people in their everyday lives. AESTHETIC VALUES Aesthetic value to the community includes aspects of sensory perception (sight, touch, sound, taste, smell) for which criteria can be stated. These criteria may include consideration of form, scale, colour, texture and material of the fabric or landscape, and the smell and sounds associated with the place and its use. * Does the place have natural or cultural features which are inspirational or evoke strong feelings or special meanings? What are those features, and to what extent are they evocative? Is the place a distinctive feature that is a prominent visual landmark? In terms of cultural features Ilocos has the Baroque churches and of course the Vigan Heritage Village, as I’ve said many times now, it does have special meaning not only to the locals but also to every Filipino, for they are the witnesses of what has happened in the past. Yes, it is a landmark, people outside the country knows Ilocos because of this World Heritage sites. * Does the place evoke awe from its grandeur of scale? To what extent is this important? Yes it does, it would not be part of the World Heritage list if it is not. It is important that they would really have to preserve so that its grandeur would be maintained. * Does the place evoke a strong sense of age, history or time depth? How does it do this, and to what extent? It does, it is like when you look at it, you went back in time when the Spanish colony was reigning. The structure is still the same; the only difference is that it obviously looks old. Yet, its beauty still remains. * Is the place symbolic for its aesthetic qualities? Has it been represented in art, poetry, photography, literature, folk-art, folklore mythology or other imagery? The place has its aesthetic qualities, the genuineness and originality of this site is still intact to it. It has been showcased in different museums, the photographs as well as paintings of the Paoay Church, Vigan Heritage Village, and the Sta. Maria Church. * Does the place have outstanding composition qualities involving any combinations of color, form, texture, detail, movement, unity, sounds, scents, spatial definition and so on? To what extent is this important? The three heritage sites which can be  found in Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte possesses outstanding combination qualities such as its form, texture, and details, the architectural design of this three are known for it is unique structure. HISTORIC VALUES Historic value to the community encompasses the history of aesthetics, science and society, and therefore could be used to encompass a range of values. A place may have historic value because it has influenced, or has been influenced by, an historic figure, event, phase or activity. It may be the site of an important event. History can describe the ‘story’ of a place or its people and can apply to any period, though not usually the current period. * Is the place important in showing patterns in the development of the history of the country, State or Territory where your community lives or a feature of your local area? How does it show this? It shows the development of the history of the country, yes, before the Philippines is under the Spanish colony, but currently the Philippines is an independent (not really though) and democratic country, in this way I could say yes. * Does the place have indigenous plant species that have historic significance? The name Vigan was derived from Biga, a giant taro plant that grows abundantly along the banks of the Mestizo River. Another one is tobacco, in the past there had been a tobacco monopoly, it was only after 100 years King Alfonso XII lifted the tobacco monopoly. This has been part of their history, and until now they continuously harvest tobacco. * Does the place show a high degree of creative or technical achievement? How does it show this? Creative yes, in Vigan, the architectural structures of the fast-food chains (found in the last page) resembles the old houses in Vigan. Technically too, Bangui Windmills which can be found in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte had done a great job to the local people, they can get free power supply through this windmills. * Does the place have geological features that have historic significance? There is, Mrs. Lao told us a story that she had been trying to prove it was a research by his late grandfather Emilio Alvarez. The sunken village of Paoay lake (San Juan Village) said to sink because of a tremendous earthquake due to the three volcanoes which erupted all at the same time. * Is the place associated with a particular person  or group important in your history? What is the importance of the association between this place and that person or group? It is; this Paoay Lake had been as I have said a research by Mr. Emilio Alvarez, and by the time Ma’am Angel is graduating her thesis was about this sunken village, and she proved that what his late grandfather’s findings were real. * Does the place exemplify the works of a particular architect or designer, or of a particular design style? In what ways, and to what extent? It is the most evident and only surviving example in the Philippines that shows Spanish urban planning of the early 18th century that conforms to the Ley de las Indias that regulates the layout, street patterns, and open spaces of all new settlements planned during the Spanish empire. * Is the place associated with a particular event in the history of your area, or the State, Territory or nation? What is the relationship between this place and those events? In the national history of the Philippines, Vigan has played an important role. It was the center of the Basi Revolt (1807) and the Ilocos Revolt (1762-63) led by Diego and Gabriela Silang. It was the birthplace of Fr Josà © Burgos whose martyrdom polarized the revolution against the Spanish. Other historic personalities are Leona Florentino, the first Filipina poetess be internationally acclaimed. Her son, Isabelo de los Reyes, founded the Philippine labor movement. The Second President of the Philippine Republic, Elpidio Quirino, was born in Vigan. While Sarat, is the birthplace of Ferdinand Marcos, his administration ruled for 20 years. * Does the place demonstrate ways of life, customs, processes, land use or design no longer practiced, in danger of being lost, or of exceptional interest? How does it demonstrate these things? The local people in Vigan still posses their customs, they are actually known to be â€Å"kuripot† and yes they are. After the inscription, the Vigan Conservation Council (VCC) was made. This council conserves and preserves the beauty and integrity of the Vigan Heritage Village. * Does the place exemplify the characteristics of a particular type of human activity in the landscape, including way of life, custom, process, land use, function, design or technique? In what ways, and to what extent? During the Spanish era, yes, but at the present time, somehow it does not. In a way the local people in Ilocos have been urbanized. Their way of life had already changed, though  some still remains. * Does the place reflect a variety of changes over a long time? In what ways, and to what extent? Yes it had, starting from how the houses are built, very far from the unique style before. The Bangui windmills are one of the developments in Ilocos Region. This kind of development is unavoidable and somehow natural and besides this are positive developments. SCIENTIFIC VALUES Scientific value to the community will depend upon the importance of the data involved, on its rarity, quality or representativeness, and on the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial information. * Is the place important for natural values in showing patterns in natural history or continuing ecological, earth or evolutionary processes? In what ways, and to what extent? It is, though Pagudpud beach is not part of the World Heritage List or even in their tentative list, the natural beauty of this island is awesome. Another thing is that Ilocos is near South China Sea. * Is there anything about the place or at the place which is rare or endangered, for example, plant or animal species, geological features, a type of construction method or material used, or a particular form of archaeological evidence? Researchers from Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) found that 113 plant species in Ilocos Norte are vanishing: 16 vegetables, 31 fruits and forest tree species, 43 ornamentals and medicinals, 7 rootcrops and 16 other plant species. * Is the place important in helping others to understand this type of place? In what ways, and to what extent? Yes, and not just the place but also understanding the culture and the history behind it. Ilocandia is one of the best tourist spots in the country. * Is the place a good example of a particular type of place, that is, undisturbed, intact and complete? Why is this? Pagudpud beach is, according to the locals they are afraid that when the beach might boom or click to the tourists, what happened to Boracay in Aklan might happen to Pagudpud too. This is why in Pagudpud they do not have much of other activities besides boat riding. * Can the place contribute to research understanding of natural or cultural history? In what ways, and to what extent? They can, the local Government of Ilocos have been doing or implementing laws that helps the local people and the visitors towards understanding more of Ilocandia’s natural and cultural  history. * Can the place contribute to scientific understanding of biodiversity or geodiversity? In what ways, and to what extent? Biodiversity yes, Ilocos is not just rich in culture but it is also rich in living species, some of it are even endangered, and has a great possibility of extinction. Knowing this the local government should at least try to look into this and do something about it. SPECIAL VALUES Special values to the community can be considered as part of other values but are particularly important for some places and some communities. * Does the place have important values relating to spiritual beliefs? Yes, in fact two of the Baroque churches in the Philippines that are listed in the World Heritage List can be found in Ilocandia. Spaniards are said to be the one or are the one who brought us the Catholic religion. * Is the place spiritually important for maintaining the fundamental health and well-being of natural and cultural systems? Yes, and not just for the natural and cultural systems, but of course to every Filipino who believes in the works and goodness of Christ. * Are there wilderness or wild river values recognized at the place? No, there is none.